Jun 10, 2022 Tso lus

Keeb Kwm Ntawm Tshuaj Ntsuab

Cov khob iav, cov khoom siv niaj hnub, tau siv los haus lossis haus tshuaj yej txij thaum ub. Cov duab yooj yim feem ntau yog ncaj los yog qhib, thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov ncauj yuav luag sib npaug ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub khob. Muaj nrog lub tiaj hauv qab, ntiv nplhaib ko taw lossis siab ko taw. Cov ntaub ntawv archaeological qhia tau hais tias lub khob thawj zaug tau tshwm sim hauv Neolithic Age. Seb nws yog Yangshao Culture, Longshan Culture los yog Hemudu Culture Site, muaj cov tais diav. Lub sijhawm no, cov khob hom yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam: cov pob ntseg yog pob ntseg ib leeg lossis ob lub pob ntseg khob; cov ko taw feem ntau yog conical, peb-legged, goblet-shaped, high-kawg khob, thiab lwm yam.


Los ntawm Lub Sij Hawm Warring States mus rau Han Dynasty, thawj lub khob celadon tau tshwm sim, ntawm cov khob ntawm Han Dynasty nrog cov duab oval, lub plab ntiav thiab pob ntseg tiaj tus ntawm ntug ntev yog cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws. Feem ntau ntawm cov khob hauv Sui Dynasty yog cov khob ciladon-glazed me me nrog lub qhov ncauj ncaj thiab lub ncuav qab zib. Lub khob peb-xim glazed lauj kaub tais diav thiab cov tais tais diav hauv Tang Dynasty yog qhov txawv tshaj plaws. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv haus ua ke nrog ob peb lub khob me me kuj nrov. Cov khob hauv Song thiab Yuan Dynasties feem ntau yog lub qhov ncauj ncaj, lub plab ntiav, lub voj voog ko taw lossis ko taw siab, thiab ko taw siab yog trumpet-puab. Cov khob nkauj feem ntau yeej los ntawm cov xim glaze, xws li Longquan kiln thiab Guan, Ge, Ru thiab Jun kilns. Ntawm lawv, underglaze dub xim kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Cizhou kiln yog qhov txawv heev. Yuan khob muaj cov pob txha fetal tuab thiab feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog paj me me thiab cov nroj tsuag sab hauv lub khob. Nyob rau hauv Ming thiab Qing dynasties, lub khob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nrog lub teeb thiab nyias log, glazes sov, ci xim thiab ntau yam duab. Nyob rau hauv Ming Dynasty, muaj npe nrov Yongle nias khob khob, Chenghua Doucai siab ncaws pob khob, khob lauj kaub tais diav, thiab lwm yam. Cov khob hauv Qing Dynasty feem ntau yog lub qhov ncauj ncaj, qhov tob tob, nrog lossis tsis muaj tes ntawm lub plab, thiab nrog lossis tsis muaj lub hau. Cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo nkauj tau nplua nuj thiab ntau yam, suav nrog xiav thiab dawb, ntau xim, pastel thiab ntau yam monochrome glazes.


Porcelain khob, tshuaj yej tais diav. Cov duab yooj yim ntawm cov tais diav yog qhib me me thiab cov phab ntsa ncaj nraim, feem ntau me dua li lub tais mov thiab loj dua lub khob cawv. Raws li archaeological los yog documentary pov thawj, porcelain khob tau ua nyob rau hauv Eastern Jin Dynasty. Cov khoom tiag tiag uas pom yog lub qhov ncauj ncaj nraim thiab cov phab ntsa hauv plab, ncuav mog qab zib zoo li ko taw tiaj tus, ciladon glazes, thiab cov khoom tawg zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm yav qab teb thiab Northern Dynasties, cov style ntawm haus tshuaj yej maj mam nrov. Cov khob tshuaj yej ntawm Tang thiab Tsib Dynasties yog cov nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau yav qab teb Yue kiln thiab sab qaum teb Xing kiln. Hauv Tang Dynasty, khob tshuaj yej kuj hu ua "Ou". Lu Yu's "The Classic of Tea" tau hais tias: "Ou Yuezhou, daim di ncauj tsis curled, hauv qab yog curled thiab ntiav, thiab nws tsuas yog ib nrab ib liter", uas qhia tau hais tias cov duab dav dav ntawm Yueyao khob. Yue kiln khob feem ntau yog nruab nrog cov tuav lub khob, uas feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov nplooj nplooj curls, thiab lub khob sab saum toj yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov paj paj, uas yog qhov muag heev thiab txav. Yue kiln khob yog muag heev nyob rau hauv kev ntxhib los mos, uniform nyob rau hauv glaze txheej, thiab xiav-ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem uas lawv raug hu ua qib siab los ntawm Lu Yu. Xing kilns yog nto moo rau "dawb li daus", thiab "tsis muaj ib tug zoo los yog tsawg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tab sis universal", uas qhia tau hais tias nws muaj koob meej. Nyob rau hauv lub Tang Dynasty, lub khob tshuaj yej nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb tau qhib lub qhov ncauj, nrog ib tug sloping ncaj lub plab phab ntsa thiab jade-walled qab taw.


Nyob rau hauv lub Song Dynasty, style ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tshuaj yej muaj kev vam meej heev. Vim tias nws yooj yim los soj ntsuam qhov dawb ntawm cov tshuaj yej ua npuas ncauj, cov khob iav dub ntawm Jian kiln thiab Yonghe kiln tau tawm tswv yim tshwj xeeb. Txawm Emperor Huizong ntawm Song Dynasty Zhao Ji tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws hais bluntly nyob rau hauv "Daguan Tea Theory": "Cov xim ntawm lub khob yog kim, ntsuab thiab dub, thiab ib tug nrog jade strips feem ntau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws." Lub khob nrog jade strips yog lub npe hu ua luav khob, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv Jianyang kiln hauv Fujian. Muaj kwv yees li ob hom khob nyob rau hauv Song Dynasty: ib qho yog ib lub voj voog me me nrog lub plab nkhaus thiab ncaj ntug; lwm yam yog ib lub qhov ncauj sloping, xws li ib tug trumpet, nrog ib tug me me ntiav voj voog nrog ib tug ncaj lub plab phab ntsa. Ib txhia yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kub, thiab lo lus "Shoushan Fuhai" yog sau. Ntxiv rau Jian kilns, official kilns, Ge kilns, Ding kilns, Jun kilns, Longquan kilns thiab Jizhou kilns nyob rau hauv Song Dynasty tag nrho cov raug rho tawm khob tshuaj yej.


Hauv Yuan Dynasty, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khob tshuaj yej dub tau txo qis, thiab cov khoom siv xiav-dawb glaze tau ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv Yuan Dynasty, lub khob tshuaj yej muaj lub qhov ncauj ncaj thiab tuab dua. Hauv Ming Dynasty, Xuande dawb glaze khob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Chenghua thiab Jiajing teeb xiav-thiab-dawb yog qhov thib ob. Hauv nruab nrab thiab thaum ntxov Ming Dynasty, muaj ntau qhov me me folded npoo, lub plab sib sib zog nqus, thiab siab thiab sib sib zog nqus ko taw. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab lig lub sij hawm, feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj lub qhov ncauj me me, lub plab sib sib zog nqus, dav sab sauv thiab qis qis, thiab lub voj voog ntiav ko taw. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj feem ntau yog pleev xim rau xiav thiab dawb qauv ntawm glaze, thiab tseem muaj doucai, multicolored thiab ib-xim glaze decorations. Cov duab, cov tswv yim kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov tswv yim tsim cov khob tshuaj yej hauv Qing Dynasty tau zoo dua li cov dynasty yav dhau los, thiab cov khob me me dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pastel thiab enamel paintings tau zoo dua. Cov duab yooj yim ntawm lub nkoj yog qhib, arc-shaped plab phab ntsa. Cov ntiv taw ntiv taw yog siab, loj thiab sib sib zog nqus nyob rau theem pib, thiab kuj qis, me me thiab ntiav nyob rau theem tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm khob, piv nrog rau ob, lub khob tuaj thawj, tom qab ntawd los ntawm lub khob. Lub khob feem ntau yog siv rau haus, thiab lub khob feem ntau yog siv rau tshuaj yej. Cov duab ntawm lub khob yog me me, cov duab ntawm lub khob loj dua, thiab lub khob siab, lub khob muaj ntau lub voj voog taw, kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub khob yog qhov yooj yim, thiab kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub khob yog qhov nyuaj. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub khob, ib tus tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov tob ntawm Suav tshuaj yej thiab cawv kab lis kev cai.


Xa kev nug

whatsapp

Xov tooj

Tug

Kev nug